This case illustrates the lethal consequences of improper storage of dry ice and the need to consider toxic environmental exposure as a cause of sudden cardiac arrest. A careful Emergency Department history coupled with rapid case investigation by the Medical Examiner's Office led to the determination of the cause of death and the elimination of the ongoing hazard. First responders and bystanders did not recognize the proximate hazardous environment but were fortunately uninjured. We report the case of a 59-year-old man found in cardiac arrest shortly after entering a recently repaired walk-in freezer that contained dry ice. In South Korea, there have been rare cases of carbon dioxide asphyxiation and poisoning from dry ice, though there have been no reports of its use in suicide. Jesse Arenivas is chief executive of EnLink. Emergency or planned entry into unknown concentrations or IDLH conditions: (APF 10,000) Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive. (APF 50) Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece. CO2 can take different forms, like gas, liquid and dry ice. Up to 40000 ppm: (APF 10) Any supplied-air respirator. Dry ice undergoes sublimation to a gaseous state at -78.5 degrees C (-109.3 degrees F), which is heavier than air and can accumulate in dependent areas. Carbon dioxide poisoning can also affect the brain, says Steven Vercammen. Carbon dioxide (CO 2) is the most commonly used agent for euthanasia of laboratory rodents, used on an estimated tens of millions of laboratory rodents per year worldwide, yet there is a growing body of evidence indicating that exposure to CO 2 causes more than momentary pain and distress in these and other animals. The agency recommends sufficient ventilation, and that mourners not be alone in case of an emergency, and to step away from a coffin if they feel ill.Exposure to a high concentration of environmental carbon dioxide (CO2) can result in poisoning through direct toxicity and by displacing atmospheric oxygen (O2). Scene investigation revealed dry ice in the container. The National Consumer Affairs Center of Japan conducted an experiment to measure the concentration of CO2 by putting dry ice in a coffin. The CO2 concentration dropped after the lid was opened, but remained at more than 30 percent after 50 minutes. At standard temperature and pressure, the density of carbon dioxide is around 1.98 kg/m 3, about 1.53 times that of air. Based on the experimental results, 9 h after placing dry ice, the CO2 concentration at the estimated closest point to his head was 24, a lethal level for CO2 poisoning. At low concentrations, the gas is odorless however, at sufficiently high concentrations, it has a sharp, acidic odor. After four hours it rose to around 90 percent. Pellets of 'dry ice', a common form of solid carbon dioxide. After 20 minutes it exceeded 30 percent, which is enough for someone to immediately lose consciousness. The concentration was assessed at 17.1-18.6. Carbon dioxide concentration in the air could be calculated from the change in the oxygen concentration in the closed space of the freezer. The concentration rose sharply when the coffin lid was closed. This decrease in oxygen concentration supposedly results from the production of carbon dioxide by the vaporization of dry ice. In the wake of the accidents, the National Consumer Affairs Center of Japan conducted an experiment to measure the concentration of CO2 by putting 10 kilograms of dry ice in a coffin. They also say there have been cases of people found lying unconscious next to a coffin, or losing consciousness with their face in the viewing window of a casket. Officials report that there have been 3 deaths in Japan involving dry ice in coffins over a period of two years from 2020 to 2021. Dry ice is a solid form of carbon dioxide and if it is released in an area without proper ventilation, it can cause people to inhale dangerous amounts of the gas. Becausedryice,especiallyinlargequantities,isanasphyxiationhazardinaconfinedspace,dryicestoragemustbeappropriatelysizedforthoseworkingwithittominimizeasphyxiationrisks.
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